Music Video Conventions

Camera Shots and movement:

Music videos tend to include many long shots, close ups and medium shots. This is primarily used to create emphasis on the artist/band, locations and emotions portrayed by the characters. Another way close ups are used is not to just see the artist, but to reflect the words of the song to the lips of the artist.

Movement of camera's are used to follow and trace the artist/band. some examples of movements include tilts; The tilt shot is similar to the pan shot, but the tilt shot moves vertically instead of horizontally, they are often used to show the vertical significance of something. A pan shot involves moving the camera horizontally to the right or left. With this technique you can track an object or follow any type of movement. Thirdly are tracking shots, tracking shots involve the use of dollies to pull the camera around a scene. A tracking shot can be done hand held, using a steady cam, but they are more commonly shot with dollies.

Mise-en-scene:

This refers to the arrangement of performers and props, and what the setting and artist/band looks like. A mise-en-scene varies between each genre of music. For example rap music video's would wear flat peeks, and track suits, whereas an rock band would focus more on the guitar and the music playing, and they would perhaps be wearing skinny jeans for example.

Editing:

Jump cuts are used often, predominately because it allows sudden change of narrative. Also special effect are used, such as fade and dissolve, to create a better effect. another example could be cut aways, to show a extra layer of greater detail.

Lighting and sound:

Some music video's are black and white, because they want to give that effect. however some are overly bright, because of the point they want to put across to the audience.

Sound in a music video is mainly vocals and the music, however there are some examples were the music video is actually a short film, such as Michael Jackson's Thriller.

Props:

Props are normally associated with the genre, such as a rapper would wear a gold chain, and maybe sing into a mike, whereas a rock band would have all their instruments to play on.

Asking permission for song use

We have sent an email to the band that constructed the song that we are thinking of using. We have stated that we will not gain from using the video and it may be published but for private viewing only ( for whoever will be marking the blog) hopefully we will soon get a reply from the band ( we tried to send to the management as well however the email kept 'failing to send' ) .We will post a post to let you know how it goes.

Song Choice, and Lyric analysis/lyric representation.

Flight of the Conchords is a Grammy Award-winning New Zealand comedy duo composed of Bret McKenzie and Jermaine Clement. They have released 4 albums, and have three television series with HBO. However there first opportunity was with BBC radio 2. They're also known as Also known as Rhymenoceros (McKenzie) & Hiphopopotamus (Clement).

We have chosen the song, This song is featured in their series, episode 3:

'Flight of the Conchords. Hiphopopotamus vs. Rhymenoceros'

Lyrics:

I'm the mother flippin' Rhymenocerous
My beats are fly and the birds are on my back
And I'm horny
I'm horny
If you choose to proceed you will indeed concede
Cos I hit you with my flow
The Wild Rhino Stampede.
I'm not just wild, I'm trained,
Domesticated
I was raised by a rapper and rhino that dated
And subsequently procreated
That's how it goes
Here's the Hiphopopotamus
The hip hop hippo
They call me the Hiphopopotamus
My lyrics are bottomless
They call me the Hiphopopotamus
Flows that glow like phosphorous
Poppin' off the top of this esophagus
Rockin' this metropolis
I'm not a large water-dwelling mammal
Where did you get that preposterous hypothesis?
Did Steve tell you that, perchance?
Steve.
My rhymes and records they don't get played
Because my records and rhymes they don't get made (^)

And if you rap like me you don't get paid
And if you roll like me you don't get laid.
My rhymes are so potent that in this small segment
I made all of the ladies in the area pregnant (^)

Yes, sometimes my lyrics are sexist
But you lovely bitches and hoes should know I'm trying to correct this.
Other rappers dis me
Say my rhymes are sissy.
Why? Why? Why? (*)
What?
Why exactly?
What? Why?
Be more constructive with your feedback, please. Why?
Why? (*)
Why, because I rap about reality? (^)

Like me and my grandma drinking a cup of tea?
There ain't no party like my nanna's tea party.
Hey! Ho!
I'm the motherflippin'
I'm the motherflippin'
I'm the motherflippin'
Who's the motherflippin?
I'm the motherflippin'
I'm the motherflippin'
I'm the motherflippin'
Motherflippin'

Initial ideas we get from the lyrics alone:

• Awkward movements and ridiculous dancing
• plenty intertextualities, making fun of famous music video's and films
• Mise-en-scene very dirty? representative of the "street"
• Costume, maybe not that of what a rapper would wear, mainly because we want it to be humorous, and therefore we might have to change the rapper stereotype.
• In some places, long shots, for example the parts annotated with (*). And shorter shot lengths for the more faced pace part of the songs, annotated with (^)
• Medium shots, too see the band.
• Panning shots, make reference to Eminem?

Target audience:

The target audience for this music film will be both sex's from teenagers up to the middle aged as they are the people who will understand the intertextually within the film and also find it funny any older or younger and they wont understand nor will they find it funny. Our target audience are those who will appreciate it the most . Just totally average people who enjoy watching comedy programs and also enjoys watching live comedy performances as the band we are focusing on also perform live which is an alternate way of watching them.

Genre:

The genre we are doing is rap comedy. This is because the song is actually a rap song, however since it is a humorous song it's clearly part of the comedy genre. It would typically be under the genre of Hip-hop/ Rap as this is the type of category the song comes under. But however, the comedy value of the lyrics and visuals make it come under the comedy type of song as well, so overall we believes it comes under two song categories.

We chose this because we wanted to make a parody music video, which entertained our audience by making them laugh and we believe this is the type of song that can maintain our desired target.

Group Discussion - focus group

From this we learnt that we have to directly target our audience and our target audience wanted to understand how this will be different to other videos. A way of directly targeting an audience will be through our use of intertextuality from other media texts that are aimed at the same target audience.

Categories of music videos

1. Performance

Features the artist in most of the music video, supposedly the easiest type to film on a restricted budget. An example is "best of you" by Foo Fighters.

2. Narrative

It mainly contains a video that attempts to tell a story which normally contains actors and would relate to the lyrics of the song. It tends to be popular for a song that features in a movie and scenes will be cut into the video from the film.

3. Concept

Based on just one concept or idea, these videos are normally unusual or utilizes a particular filming technique. Its not usual to get a video thats completely conceptual. "monkey drummer" by Aphex Twin is a good example.

Most videos dont just have one set type of video. Usually videos will have a mixture of these elements such as a performance by the artist alongside some narrative footage. For example ‘Black or White’ by Michael Jackson. The first part of the video is a narrative, followed by a performance section then a conceptual section where the faces of different people change from one to another.

Convergent/Synergy Media

Convergent ways of distributing and exhibiting media is good, especially for the music industry, the music industry uses television and live shows to sell there music.

One of the best examples is flight of the concords, they have used convergent medias to sell themselves as actors and musicians.

They do live shows such as the one below. this live show is a good idea because it is a first take on their song.

However, they also have an ongoing series, which is in series one at the moment, in america. The show has also broadened to england, because Jordan watches the series.

The series is a new an innovative idea onto how to exhibit their music. Each song in the series is similar to the live songs, but not exactly the same, the must has almost been more televised, to make it more interesting and less interactive with an audience, because it is a television show.

Flight of the Concords are on of the first bands to do this in a successful way, and not have their song just as a backing song to a movie/program.

And of course another way they are selling themselves is with their record album.

This use of synergy and convergence is something we would like to imitate, because it broadens our target audience, and allows our song to be distributor better, and more effectively.

Research into record labels: EMI

EMI (Electrical and Musical Industries) were formed by Columbia Graphophone company in 1931. It led to forty years of successful electrical engineering with a man called Alan Blumlein creating research into stereo sound recording. After World war 2 EMI employed analogue computers for broadcasting and providing the first transmitter for the BBC.

It also opened up the recording studios in London on Abbey Road with loads of artists firstly coming along to test their pieces of music. In 1990 EMI lost their rights for Columbia to Sony Cooperation of Japan. EMI also bought virgin records from Richard Branson in one of the highest deals ever made.

In 2000, EMI and stream-waves made a deal for EMI to have their songs digital format for users to stream on the internet, this was the first time EMI have ever streamed their music online.

Robbie Williams signed a 6 year deal from 2002 to 2008 being paid £80 million which became the second biggest music contract of all time after Michael Jackson.

Apple launched a suit against EMI for not paying their music rights when advertising their music on Apple itself, being sued roughly £50 million.

In 2007 EMI announced it would launch their music on DRM free formats which will roughly be £1.29 per track sold.

Then in 2009 EMI attempted to by Warner music group but failed to buy them out.

Questionaire Results

In what way do you listen to music?:

We asked this question because we wanted to get an insight into the importance of a music video. and we found out that the majority of people listen to their music on their ipods.
There are many variations of ipods, ones which don't include a screen and have no visual to play along with the song. However, there are others with a green and are designed to have videos played on them. We also found out that a lot of people listen to music online, for free, so we could have our song free online, and build hype for our band/

Do you prefer listening to music with or without a music video to accompany it?

Wether or not people listen to music video's is important because we wanted to know if we wanted to make a website as well as a music video to reach a broader audience that don't listen to music with music video's and prefer it without a video.

How do you get your music?

we wanted to find this out because we wanted to know how we could reach and distribute our song and video.
we found that people use itunes, which is one of the main ways to get music. However, we also found that people get there music for free, or illegally. And we don't really want our music and video to be downloaded illegally, so we may think about making this one song free, and then if we were to make another music video, or sell other songs, we could charge for them. Mainly because our first song built up hype.

What is your favorite music genre?

From this question we found out that the majority of people like indie/rock music, so we will try to fit into this audience.

this is because it is kind of mainstream, but not massively, so we may try to reopen and re market the indie music genre.




Where do you watch music video's?

We wanted to find this out because we wanted to know were to post our music video in the future, and maybe even where to advertise it.

we found that the priority of people watch them on television or on youtube, which are the two biggest ways to put a music video.

we will most likely put it on youtube.

In a music video do you prefer to watch a story unfold, or the band play the song?
We were stuck on wether to do a music video that has a narrative, or one that just has the band playing.

so this helps because we found that most people like to watch a music video with more o a narrative, because they said to me afterwards, that its interesting to see the story unfold in front of them, and lets them put an image to a song.

Textual analysis - example: watch the sun come up

The song ive analysed is a song by Example called "watch the sun come up" in the video the majority of the shots are either medium shots or close up shots of the man. There was also alot of two shots of the man and woman together signifying the relationship they shared whilst being on the holiday they were on. The shots are positioned at a variety of angles in the video such as a couple of quick dutch angles, a slow paced shot in behind the man and another of the man and woman together linking back to what was mentioned about the relationship they shared on the holiday.

Half of the video was animated signifying the story that the man goes through and it mainly seems to come up when it changes scene from england to the holiday he was on with the foreign woman.

The overall editing of the shot is set at a quick tempo due to the length of the camera shots being very quick, the shots are roughly either 2 or 3 seconds long or sometimes even just 1 second long. This signifies how Example's life has flown by very quickly and the cartoon mode shows the contrast between the life he lived on the present day in england and the holiday he went on abroad with the foreign woman that he shared a romance with.

In the mis-en scene, the woman is wearing a red dress in the club with the rest of the people to show that she stands out from the crowd and once it goes into the cartoon mode its just her red dress that stays in colour and flashes to someone else in england wearing red signifying thats his main memory of her and its imbedded into his mind.

Textual Analysis--Nickelback 'Rockstar'

The song i analyze will is Nickelbacks 'Rockstar' this video is constructed mainly in medium long shots with a few slow zoom in shots of both random and famous stars lip syncing along with the lyrics of the song.

Most of the scenes filmed are with girls this is because the song is describing the lifestyle of a rock star. there are also famous people in the video such as kid rock and nelly furtardo to add star appeal furthermore members of OCC and the playboy mansion as well as other bikini clad girls with"Beach Blonde hair " which are often and stereotypically portrayed as being a part of the rock and roll culture.

The reason why the directors have used random normal everyday people is because it is commonly said that everybody idolizes the rock and roll lifestyle, also a lyric within the song "we all just want to be a rock star" connoting that everybody from countries all around the world would like to be a rock star and star in the video.

The mise-en-scene consists of random locations but also consists of places like bars, bike shops, Record halls, large houses and the back of limousines the props or cloths are also random with the people they met in the streets but some of the actors are wearing leather cowboy jackets and hats with facial hair and long hair also a common trait in the rock and roll culture furthermore in one scene it features a man destroying his guitar as made famous by the who and is also a very strong tell tale of rock and roll and rock star-ism

Textual analysis - Blink 182, All The Small Things

All the small things by blink 182 is not a funny song, and does not have humorous lyrics at all. However there image as a band is funny comical and some of the less serious indie band out there today. Most if not all of their videos includes some type of anecdote, or intertextuality that is there to copy and fun make fun of another band image in their music video, For example this video primarily makes fun of boy band such as Westlife, Back Street Boys, and Christina Aguilera's Genie in a Bottle. These intertextualities are the plane scene, and the shot where it moves from a close up to a media shot to reveal that he is on a toilet. this is westlife because they have over exposed shots, and blink 182 have tried to show this. The shot where all 3 band members are on the beach, surrounded by the sand plants, is where they are trying to refer to Christina Aguilera because in her music video she does exactly the same, but obviously not comically.

Most of the shots that have Blink 182 playing in are long shots, because it has to involve al of the band members and also the crowd behind them, however the narrative parts include various shots, and shot lengths, Bt primarily media shots because it fits the band in, but not all of them.

The primary mise-en-scene in the music video is Blink 182 surrounded by a crowd of people, playing there song. This is a convention of most indie/rock band because being renowned and loved by women is an stereotype of a rock/indie star. however this video subverts the conventions and makes it more comical by adding shots such as the naked man, and the man in the banana suit at the end, also the close f up the dog holding a "travis" sign.

The editing in this music video is very regular, the shots range form 2 seconds to 4 seconds. This shot length gives the impact that it is quiet calm, and its not rushing to get to a new shot to entertain the audience. This may be because the video is a funny video, and it may not need to be keeping the audiences attention because it is doing so with its humorous characteristics.

Finally, the transitions between shots varies, sometimes it is a white flash, and sometimes the shot swipes of too the left, and some normally shot cutting. this effect gives the intertextuality ofd other band again and trying to connect and give reference to the other music videos there and referring to in the video.

Furthermore, the camera movement in the music video varies from a still camera, to panning and tracking shots. the still camera is for shots like the shot where the band is lying on the beach eating flowers. this effect gives the sense of calm, and relates to the sound at that point because there is no singing, it is an instrumental part, which doesn't have much pace to it.

The tracking/panning shots are used for shots such as when they are dancing, it pans to the left, and the band member looks directly at the camera (a convention of music video's). This panning shot gives a sense of movement, like we are dancing with them, and the audience is more involved in the music video. It could also maybe show that we are part of the crowd, because in the shots were there is a crowd we are in front of band, and are watching on at them. This shot could mean that we are supposed to be part of the crowd, and that we are a fan.

Example Music Television Channels

MTV- this channel brought about music videos, and was one of the first to do so. MTV shows mainly mainstream music, which is being showed in the charts at the moment. but not only do they have music video's, they also have other programs. this synergy bring a bigger audience and hopefully bringing in more viewers.

kerrang- kerrang is a rock/indie channel which shows some mainstream, but not much. yet it does show bands that are popular at the moment, such as Nickleback. karrang is a channel which does have a broad audience and most likely has many viewers.

however kerrang is a pure music channel that only plays music videos. still a good channel in my opinion.

4music- This channel does play mainstream top 40 music, because they are the most popular, and bring in the audience. however they do show other shows such as the "Cardassians". So this is another tactic which has been spread to bring in a broader audience and viewer rating.

Viva- viva is another example, but it is basically the same as 4music, just with more programs included.

radio tele channels- These channels are interesting, they are on the television but they have no image, they are just radio stations on the tele, making you tele into a radio. So this is a new way you can listen to music at home. And this also puts emphasis on radio still being the best way to find new music.

Music Piracy and Copyright

Throughout the project we will constantly be dealing with both music piracy and copyright.

Music piracy is the illegal gain of using music with out paying the owner the rights or asking permission such as illegal downloading or the same as recording a cinema viewing and then making copies.

Music copyright exists on almost all signed acts preventing people using there music for there own purposes to gain profit. The copy right of a track will only last for 70 years after the artist has perished or and fade out after 100 years.

This would mean that before we create a music video for a record with existing copyright laws we will have to get in contact with the record label and ask permission to use the material.

Technology to be Used

The technology we will use in the making of our music video will be very similar to that of what we used when making our opening last year. such as the camera will be the same a standard hand held video camera we will also use a tripod to help keep the camera still but in addition to last year we will try out a new light source by using a light shining it onto a mirror so we can have directional light and point it where we want it. We could also consider making a track replica used for tracking shots by using a skate board or shopping trolly so that we will still be able to use a tripod.

This time however we will be using different software to edit the video whereas last time we used imovie HD, we will now use adobe software which should be better and more advanced to suit our needs to make a video.

The Music Industry

The music industry has continually changed for ages, and still is. With the new technology coming through we have new exiting ways to get music.

Production- music is produced in the same way, mainly in a recording studio. However recently with the new opportunities arising, people can make and produce music on a computer, and do so to a good standard. Many bands have started there career on there own terms and by there own doing. For example the band White lies.

Distribution- Music distribution has changed substantially in the past 12 years. Distribution used to be carried out by companies such as Pinnacle. This was because music was sold as a CD, and sold in a shop. However again due to the recent upgrades in technology, new opportunities have arisen to the public and allowed us to buy Records digitally. In 2001 itunes revolutionized the digital music market by allowing payment of songs so you can download them onto your computer then transfer them onto your ipod.

Marketing- Marketing has changed, but not as much. The main way for people to learn about new music is still the radio. However with new marketing opportunities opening, the music industry has had to broaden its marketing strategy by advertising on TV and the internet, by means of music videos, which play a massive part in selling a song because it adds depth to a song.

Consumption- CD's are still sold, but not as nearly as much as they used to be, a lot of high street shops like HMV who used to specialised selling CD's , which are now going out of business. Consumption is now being completed via the internet with itunes, spotify, and other similar websites. Despite this people are still consuming via material purchases such as CD's although only a percentage are still sold that way.

Exhibition - Since artists are not making as much money from CD sales anymore, some artist are having to do more live performances. However, still a huge part of showing a song is via a music video on television or the internet, so music video's play a huge part of selling and presenting the song.

Reception- The charts are a massive way to figure out what is selling best, however there are now so many different charts looking at so many different sources its impossible to tell which ones if any are correct.

Director Research

The director, a vital part of the music video production. the director is person who supervises the creative aspects of a dramatic production or film and instructs the actors and crew.

The director governs what happens in a film/media product and maintains the creativeness of the piece.

They often develop a vision for the film, and carry that vision out, deciding how the film should look; making the vision come to life.

They decide what tone the film should have, and what experience the audience should get from the cinematic experience.

They work close with the cast and crew, and they could take on such roles as editing and cast crew selection. But most importantly coordinating the actors moves.

Strangely some famous directors have started by making music videos and then moved on to big films, for example: Chris Cunningham who made his debut with the music video "come to daddy" by Aphex Twin, he then later went on to direct films such as Alien 3. And also Michel Gondry, who directed the recent film: The Green Hornet.

Therefore, we believe that a director plays a huge part of the production of our music video, and will play a huge part in our group.

The Genres considered

The Genre we are considering to make a video for is of the comedy style. There are various types of music such as parody as sampled by Weird Al Yankovic and Amish paradise mocking coolio's 'Gangster paradise' but taking the same rhythm and replacing lyrics to form a comic twist as well shooting a new video to go with the new lyrics or another such song this time mocking boy bands in general is Blink-182 with 'All The Small Things' taking in scenes from already existing boy band music videos and then over exaggerating them to make them funny and appealing to the comedy audience.

Another take on the comedy genre is live music such as 'Axis of Awesome' who perform songs to live audiences with no video ,usually there songs are there own lyrics or taken from other artists but twisted to conform to the subject matter.

Finally you have songs such as 'Teenage Dirtbag' which are mainly pop songs but are also combined with comical videos. comedy-pop. with conventions such as fast paced shots, bright coolers and lots of key lighting.

other conventions we have considered

Pop/ love song genre with such songs with generic conventions slow shots, long takes and sometimes filmed using filters to produce rustic looks with themed lighting to create atmosphere in the video.

Rock song genre.

videos from this genre often feature fast paced takes with songs by meatloaf often have longer versions for the video such as 'Bat out of Hell' also rock videos have higher budgets due to the outrageousness of the video such as blink 182' s 'The Rock Show' in which the band members just throw around lots of money.

Dyer's Pop Star Theory

A true pop star does have a lasting significance, and has "brand awareness" amongst a wider market over a period of time. A good example is Madonna who has constantly revised and modified her image for example being blond at one point, and then a week later completely re-branding herself as a brunette. She is very ‘brand aware.’

1. Stars as construction

Stars are constructed, artificial images, even if they are represented as being "real people", experiencing real emotions. This is certainly true in pop music industry as the construction of bands and artists is not even hidden from the public anymore. Each pop star has a persona that they will withhold and be known as. For example lady gaga, she is branded as an eccentric and someone that wears ridiculous clothes, and it works for her!

In our music video, we want to do this for our actors. We are hoping to have one looking awkward, whilst the other being more humorous as he has the funnier lines. Also because they are our friends, we have picked them because of there personality and they are similar to that of the characters we had in mind.

2. Industry and Audience

Stars are manufactured by the music industry to serve a purpose — to make money out of audiences, who respond to various elements of a star persona by buying records and becoming fans. Purely there to make money.

This is more for the music industry, and seeing as this is a school project, we are not in this process to make money, but to serve the purpose to educate ourselves.

3. Ideology and Culture

Each star has their own ideology and culture, and they will only promote these ideologies. These come across in image, or even music. But according to this theory, they will come across in some way.

We want our actors to come across in a certain way. Though our lyrics convey a certain ideology anyway, so we want to incorporate and represent these in the images too.

4. Character and Personality

A star begins as a "real" human, possessing gender & race characteristics, and existing against a 'socio-historic' background. The star transformation process turns them into a produced stereotype, but the stereotype has a foundation in the "real" human.

Voyeurism and Mulvey Theories

Voyeurism:

We, as an audience watch the people on the film, without them knowing. this really as an audience we always do this.

This relates to a music video because we watch the people in the music video, predominately if its a story, but you could also argue that we watch the band play and they don't know. This is because sometimes they are on their own playing, and we are their only audience and we are watching them play, and they want us to watch them play.

Mulvey's theory:

Mulvey was a feminist, she believed that women were objectified and only there to be seen in film. She says that women are either the madonna or the whore, this basically means if woman is seen as a Madonna she is a wife, or a house wife, someone that is there to not be seen as an attractive figure the everyday mother appearance. Whereas a whore is there to be looked at, she is the woman that all men fight for.

Obviously this was in 1975, and might not relate to modern times. I would say, women may have more involved roles, and be the hero's sometimes, but they are still objectified. Take rap music videos for example, women are in there to be the singers woman, they are the "property" of the singer, and they are only there to be aesthetically pleasing. but again that does not mean every music video does this.

Tenuous link: in our music video we wanted to and have included a woman. However the woman is in fact a grandmother, and not a sexual image, Therefore we have made her unattractive. She was also played by Jordan. We wanted to make her unattractive because of the lyrics - Grandmother, and also the fact that the music video is focused on the two males. and we didn't want the focus to be shifted towards an attractive lady.

Why do they relate?

We put these two together, because we felt that voyeurism and mulvey's theory of objectivity relates in music video's, and that who your actors are play a massive part of getting your audience to watch the music video and listen to the song. Not only women, men are objectified more in modern days just as much as women. Sex sells. If we have an aesthetically pleasing cast, which people would like to watch, we may have grasped our audience better.

In our video we never properly had these needed to use as we felt they were slightly irrelivant. But we could say the hiphopapotamus' behaviour was marginally provocative in the video which slightly reverses the role in a sense.

Hypodermic syringe theory.

The hypodermic syringe theory is an idea that people can view a media text and will then have views and ideas from that media text planted into their heads i.e. like a syringe. This theory is strongest with the video games example when young children are playing violent video games and will then proceed to copy or replicate what they have done whilst playing within the video game.

This comes across into music and rap videos such as Eminem making violent videos is then viewed by young people who once again replicate what they have seen which is known as the hypodermic syringe theory.

This could relate to our video because it features sexist comments although light hearted and comical some could argue that the lyrics are pushing ideas into the viewers minds. On the other hand with our target audience, not many young poeple who are vulnreable to this kind of thought subjection will be vieing the music video

Goodwin's music theory

Andrew Goodwin has identified a number of key features which distinguish the form of music

-Relationship between the music and the lyrics, the visuals illustrating, amplifying or contradicting the lyrics.

-Relationship between the music and the visuals, the visuals illustrating, amplifying or contracting the music.

-Music videos constructed by the link between the visuals plus the song and the artist

-Relationships are built in these between the video and the close ups of the artists gives the publicity and the representation they require.

-Voyeurism is used to increase the videos attractiveness particularly to males, whilst intertextuality is used for humorous videos.

-Intertextual references, either to music videos or to films and tv texts, this provides further entertainment for the fans/viewers.

Notions of looking

-Most of the time we see the artist directly addressing the camera, signifying a personal connection with the audience.

Visuals and lyrics

-How a word or lyric fits in with the visual on screen, e.g as the artist sings words on the screen it emphasizes what it says

This also relates to our video as we use intertextualities to make our film humerous and entertaining as this is our main genre for the video. It also relates to the video as the relationship created by Ben and Liam playing Jermaine and Brett relates to the song being hiphopapotomus and the rhymenosarous and their on set charisma certainly shows their on screen relationship. Most of the shots tend to show clear relationships with the visuals and the lyrics.

Narrative Theories

Prop's narrative:

Prop's theory says that a narrative is directed by the characters. the characters make the narrative and a typical narrative structure, with particular structures.

The villain — struggles against the hero.

The dispatcher —character who makes the lack known and sends the hero off.

The (magical) helper — helps the hero in the quest.

The princess or prize — the hero deserves her throughout the story but is unable to marry her because of an unfair evil, usually because of the villain. the hero's journey is often ended when he marries the princess, thereby beating the villain.

Her father — gives the task to the hero, identifies the false hero, marries the hero, often sought for during the narrative. Propp noted that functionally, the princess and the father can not be clearly distinguished.

The donor —prepares the hero or gives the hero some magical object.

The hero or victim/seeker hero — reacts to the donor, weds the princess.

• False hero — takes credit for the hero’s actions or tries to marry the princess

This theory could relate to all film really, even if not all characters are for filled, and it could even relate to most music video's because they hold one character that is dominant to the rest, this being the band, or the actor in the story.

Todorov's Theory:

Todorov stated that everything started with an equilibrium or a status quo were all opposing forces were in balance. He stated that narrative stores are structured in five states:

• A state of equilibrium.
• A disruption of said equilibrium by some action.
• Recognition of the disruption.
• An attempt to repair the disruption.
• Reinstatement of the equilibrium, or the formation of a new one.

this theory is highly recognized because it can relate to most if all film, and some music videos, however it is very simplistic, is it maybe putting narrative to its simple form, and not giving it the detail it deserves?

Barthes Theory:

Barthes is a french semiologist. He suggested that narrative with with five different codes which activate the reader to make sense of it. Basically in the terms of denotation and connotation.

>Action – a narrative device by which a resolution is produced through action, e.g. a shoot-out.

>Enigma - Devise that teases the audience with a riddle/puzzle. Delays ending pleasurability

>Symbolic – (connotation): the pragmatics of the piece, what meaning is being implied.

>Semic – (denotation): the Semantics of the piece, what is actually meant.

>Cultural - a narrative device which the audience can recognize as being part of a culture e.g. a “made man” in a gangster film is part of the mafia culture

However we originally dismissed using these theories for our video as we feel these narratives are irrelivant for our video as we dont really have the characters or demands to fulfill Propp's or Todorov's theory.